What are some facts about the Sun?

Solar energy is created deep within the core of the Sun. It is here that the temperature and pressure are so intense that nuclear reactions take place. This reaction causes four protons or hydrogen nuclei to fuse together to form one alpha particle or helium nucleus. The Sun is made up of 92% hydrogen, 7% helium and the remainder of various gasses. The atmosphere of the Sun is composed of three areas: the photosphere, chromosphere, and solar corona. Corona is the Sun’s outer atmosphere with temperatures that range from a few thousand kelvins to a few million kelvins. The Sun appears to have been active for 4.6 billion years and has enough fuel to go on for another five billion years or so. At the end of its life, the Sun will start to fuse helium into heavier elements and begin to swell up, ultimately growing so large that it will swallow the Earth. After a billion years as a red giant, it will suddenly collapse into a white dwarf.

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