What are the forms of Federalism?

Federalism has two forms, the federal-parliamentary system such as Canada’s and the federal-presidential system like that of the United States’. In a federal-parliamentary system, federal governmental powers are centralized in the federal parliament, a bicameral legislative body, with the upper chamber called the Senate and the lower chamber, called the House of Commons. The guiding principle in a federal-parliamentary system is centralization of powers as is readily apparent in, among other things, the fact that Canada’s working chief executive, the prime minister and cabinet members are also members of parliament. In a federal-presidential form of government, the executive, legislative and judicial branches are distinct and separate from each other. These three branches of government are co-equal branches, supreme within their own spheres of authority and vested by the Constitution with the ability to balance each other. For example, while Canada and the United States, the second and third largest countries in the world, smaller countries like Germany, Switzerland, and Malaysia also have federal forms of governments.

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