Canada’s federal parliament located in the nation’s capital in Ottawa, Ontario is bicameral in both form and substance. The lower house called the House of Commons is comprised of 338 Members of Parliament (MPs) elected directly by the people in single-district constituencies called ridings, for a term of five years which MPs may or may not serve in full in the event Parliament is dissolved either at the behest of the Prime Minister or if the Government loses a “vote of confidence” in the House of Commons. The upper house is called the Senate comprised of 105 Senators appointed by the Governor-General at the recommendation of the Prime Minister who may serve until age seventy-five in accordance with the British North America Act of 1965. A public or private bill may be introduced by the appropriate cabinet ministry in either the House of Commons or the Senate and has to pass in three separate readings and receive the Queen’s Royal Assent before it becomes law.
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