Why are these grand strategies not succeeding?

These grand strategies have often been found wanting, either riddled by inconsistencies or at odds with the prevailing conditions of world politics. Tactical considerations of the moments drove American foreign policy forward as much as did an all-encompassing strategic vision. Domestic political considerations were ever present with changes in strategic outlook frequently coming with the arrival of a new administration from a different party. What then is the future of the war on terrorism and preemption? Gaddis argues that the United States alternated between two grand strategies of containment: Symmetrical containment – the United States met the communist challenge where it was happening and with a corresponding amount of force. Asymmetrical containment – the United States responded at places of its own choosing and with a level of force on its own choosing. Gaddis is convinced that there is no turning back from strategy of preemption and a return to deterrence. Others are not convinced of preemption’s staying power.

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