What is the history of the study of behavior?

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, knowledge of behavior and its causes increased. The science of ethology, which focuses on animal behavior, came into existence. In the early 1900s, John B. Watson founded a branch of psychology that became known as behavior science. This area of psychology concentrated on human behavioral studies. Eventually, ethology and behavior science contributed to biopsychology, also known as psychobiology, or biological psychology, a branch of psychology that analyzes data from neurosciences, genetics, endocrinology, and physiology in the quest for biological explanations of behavior, thoughts, and feelings. Biopsychology embraces several subdivisions. Physiological psychology focuses on nervous system and endocrine system research. Psychopharmacology specializes in the effects of drugs on the nervous system and, ultimately, on behavior. The development of therapeutic drugs is a goal of this discipline. The neuropsychologist studies the effects of brain damage on ç Psychophysiology differs from physiological psychology in that the psychophysiologist uses only human subjects while the physiological psychologist experiments on laboratory animals. Early research in physiological psychology focused on the nervous system, but it soon became evident that the endocrine system also influenced behavior and that the two systems were integrated and had coordinated effects on behavior. The classic endocrine system consists of ductless glands that produce chemical substances called hormones. The hormones elicit physiological responses, either locally or at some distant target site. When acting at a distance, the hormones travel to the site by way of the circulatory system.

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